含随机参数的偏微分方程的自适应高斯过程求解器

对于数值求解含随机参数的偏微分方程的问题,本文基于以高斯过程为核心的求解器提出了一种自适应挑选训练数据的求解模型.该模型从极少的初始训练数据集出发训练高斯过程求解器,将参数池中预测方差指示变量最大的参数及其对应的偏微分方程的高精度解加入训练数据集中,然后重复上述过程,直到所训练出来的高斯过程求解器在测试数据集上达到所要求的精度.此外,本文还将该自适应模型在带有二维随机参数的扩散方程上进行测试,结果表明所提出的自适应选点策略有效,模型的预测准确度随着训练数据的增加而迅速提高,最终只需要40个训练数据即可在测试数据集上达到要求的精度.     

车漆搅拌器罐底形状、挡板以及结构布局对车漆搅拌效果的影响

在标准Rushton涡轮桨的基础上,从不同形状的搅拌罐底、挡板形式以及桨叶的非对称结构布局三个方面分别探究其对搅拌效果的影响,利用ANSYS CFX软件对不同结构搅拌桨的搅拌功率、流体速度、流动方向以及剪切速率进行对比分析。研究结构表明：流线型蝶形罐底有助于降低功耗,挡板能够消除打漩现象并增强剪切速率,不对称的结构布局能够破坏周期流中的规则区,改善搅拌效果。     

冻融循环与持续荷载共同作用下FRP片材-混凝土界面黏结性能的退化行为

为研究冻融循环影响下纤维增强复合材料(FRP)外贴加固混凝土结构的界面性能,通过双面剪切试验研究冻融循环与持续荷载共同作用下FRP片材-混凝土界面黏结性能的退化行为。在经历最大200次冻融循环作用后,对试件进行静态加载,并采用数字图像相关法量测试件表面的全场位移,进而计算界面黏结滑移关系。试验结果表明:冻融循环作用对FRP片材-混凝土界面的极限承载力、极限滑移、FRP最大应变、最大剪应力、界面断裂能等均有明显的削弱作用,界面黏结滑移曲线退化显著;预加荷载的存在加剧了冻融循环作用后界面黏结性能的退化;冻融循环作用前后界面的破坏模式也发生了显著改变。     

Accelerating leaching of copper ore with surfactant and the analysis of reaction kinetics

To solve the problem of low permeability and lower extraction rates of high-mud ores, a surfactant was added as a penetrant to the pregnant leaching solution during column leaching tests. On the basis of the theories of physical chemistry and seepage flow mechanics, the mechanism by which seepage is enhanced under the effects of the surfactant was analyzed. The results show that the action modes of the surfactant were divided into four aspects: changing the wettability of the ore, reducing the viscosity of the leaching solution, adsorbing onto the surface of ore, and enhancing the permeability effect. The findings of column leaching tests demonstrated that permeability was substantially improved by the surfactant. In the later period of leaching, the permeability coefficient was two times higher than that of the control group. Meanwhile, the ore extraction rate increased by approximately 10%. During the leaching process, the surface tension of the solution did not substantially change, and that of the solution with surfactant increased slightly. The kinetics analysis of ore column leaching illustrated that the leaching processes were controlled by both internal diffusion(principal factor) and chemical reaction.     

水翼型水上飞机水动性能数值计算及分析

采用空气动力和水动力耦合求解并结合动力学平衡方程方法对水翼型水上飞机水面起飞过程水动性能进行计算。使用Realizable k-ε模型对NACA0012三维地效机翼进行计算,验证空气动力计算方法。使用流体体积函数(VOF)方法对验证模型在不同弗汝德数下进行数值模拟,验证水动力计算方法。最后,对水翼型和双浮筒型水上飞机水面起飞过程进行数值计算,计算结果表明,水翼能够产生较大水动升力,当速度达到12 m/s时,水翼产生的水动升力将机身抬离水面;水翼水动升力峰值为6 395 N,约占飞机总升力的83%,双浮筒型水上飞机阻力增加较快,其阻力峰值约为水翼型水上飞机阻力峰值的1. 87倍,从而证明了水翼能够产生较大水动升力并能有效降低水上飞机的水动阻力。     

结构-地震动双随机的隔震结构倒塌鲁棒性分析

为分析基于结构及地震动双随机的隔震结构竖向连续倒塌鲁棒性,依据二次四阶矩可靠度理论提出随机鲁棒性指标,通过对比分析隔震结构考虑结构随机、地震动随机性以及同时考虑结构-地震动随机性的鲁棒性指标,揭示随机性对隔震结构竖向连续倒塌鲁棒性的影响,以及PGA对隔震结构抗竖向连续倒塌鲁棒性产生的作用.研究结果表明:基于可靠度的随机鲁棒性指标可定量评估隔震结构抗竖向连续倒塌能力;若仅考虑结构随机或地震动随机,均会高估结构抗竖向连续倒塌能力;此外,随PGA增大,结构抗竖向连续倒塌鲁棒性下降,强震作用下,隔震结构极可能发生竖向连续倒塌现象.     

Alkaline pressure oxidative leaching of bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime

A new alkaline pressure oxidative leaching process(with NaNO3 as the oxidant and NaOH as the alkaline reagent)is proposed herein to remove arsenic,antimony,and lead from bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime for bismuth,gold,and silver enrichment.The effects of the temperature,liquid-to-solid ratio,leaching time,and reagent concentration on the leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony,and lead were investigated to identify the optimum leaching conditions.The experimental results under optimized conditions indicate that the average leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony and lead are 95.36%,79.98%,63.08%,respectively.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the leaching residue is composed of Bi,Bi2O3,Pb2Sb2O7,and trace amounts of NaSb(OH)6.Arsenic,antimony,and lead are thus separated from lead anode slime as Na3AsO4·10H2O and Pb2Sb2O7.Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry imaging revealed that the samples undergo appreciable changes in their surface morphology during leaching and that the majority of arsenic,lead,and antimony is removed.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the variation in the valence states of the arsenic,lead,and antimony.The Pb(IV)and Sb(V)content was found to increase substantially with the addition of NaNO3.     

偏转板伺服阀前置级结构参数优化研究

通过改变偏转板伺服阀劈尖高度和V形槽下端喷口的导流长度等结构参数,建立新的偏转板前置级模型,利用ICEM和FLUENT软件对前置级流场进行静态特性分析;对前置级流量曲线进行二次拟合,建立伺服阀系统数学模型,利用SIMULINK仿真模型进行动态仿真,分析偏转板伺服阀系统的动态特性,从而优化偏转板伺服阀前置级结构参数。结果表明,适当降低偏转板伺服阀劈尖高度,保持劈尖宽度不变,可增大偏转板伺服阀前置级的流量增益和提升伺服阀的响应频率;增加V形槽喷口的导流长度,会减小偏转板伺服阀前置级流量增益和降低伺服阀的响应频率。     

缓释型聚羧酸减水剂的合成和性能研究

本文使用马来酸酐、丙烯酸羟乙酯和甲基烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚大单体通过水溶液自由基共聚法合成了一种缓释型聚羧酸减水剂,并讨论了原料配比和合成工艺对减水剂性能的影响.结果表明,当n（MA）∶n（TPEG）∶n（HEA）=3.5∶1∶1,引发剂用量为单体总质量的3.0％,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为4.5h,所合成的减水剂在掺量0.2％时,即使在35℃高温下,水泥净浆流动度初始达258 mm,1.5h时仅损失30 mm,达到了很好的缓释效果.     

基于无质量地基模型的重力坝地震响应分析

假设在大坝附近一定范围的地基是线弹性、无质量的、地震激励均匀作用在边界上,采取人工模拟合成地震波,建立无质量地基模型,对龙滩重力坝-地基系统进行了地震响应分析.计算结果表明坝体动力反应一般滞后于地震波,且滞后程度与坝体结构刚度有关,同时,坝体内大部分拉应力均大幅度减小,但坝踵部位的拉应力有所增加,坝上游折坡点附近还有一定的拉应力.与考虑了粘弹性人工边界模型相比,无质量地基模型的动力响应峰值增加了4%~59.8%.